Biochemistry

Assessment of Heavy Metal Toxicity Markers in Residents of Mining Communities

This study assessed exposure- and effect-related markers of heavy metal toxicity in residents of mining communities. Blood and water samples were analysed for heavy metals and associated biochemical markers. The findings revealed elevated levels of metals such as lead and cadmium in a proportion of residents, with associated oxidative and renal function changes. The study observed higher exposure markers in residents near active sites. It recommends environmental monitoring, water treatment, and health screening for affected communities.

2025 — Undergraduate

Assessment of Electrolyte Balance in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease

This study assessed electrolyte balance in patients with chronic kidney disease compared with controls. Serum samples were analysed for sodium, potassium, chloride, and related indices. The findings revealed significant electrolyte imbalances in patients, particularly elevated potassium and altered sodium and chloride levels, with severity increasing with disease stage. The study observed associations with renal function markers. It recommends electrolyte monitoring and dietary management in chronic kidney disease care.

2025 — Undergraduate

Assessment of Hormonal Profiles in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

This study assessed hormonal profiles in women diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome compared with controls. Serum samples were analysed for relevant androgens and metabolic indices. The findings revealed elevated androgen levels and associated metabolic changes in affected women, with hormonal profiles varying across phenotypes. The study observed relationships with body mass and metabolic status. It recommends comprehensive hormonal and metabolic assessment in the diagnosis and follow-up of polycystic ovary syndrome.

2025 — Undergraduate

Assessment of Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Activity of Selected Plant Extracts

This study assessed the bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of extracts from selected plants used in traditional practice. Extracts were screened for phytochemicals and evaluated for antioxidant capacity using standard assays. The findings revealed the presence of phenolics, flavonoids, and other bioactive constituents, with measurable antioxidant activity that correlated with phenolic content. The study observed quantitative variation across plants and solvents. It recommends further purification and evaluation of active fractions for potential nutraceutical applications.

2025 — Undergraduate

Evaluation of Renal Function Markers in Hypertensive and Diabetic Patients

This study evaluated renal function markers in hypertensive and diabetic patients compared with controls. Blood and urine samples were analysed for creatinine, urea, and related indices. The findings revealed elevated renal function markers in a proportion of patients, indicating reduced kidney function, with higher risk among those with poor control of both conditions. The study observed early changes before clinical symptoms. It recommends periodic renal function evaluation and early intervention in at-risk patients.

2025 — Undergraduate

Evaluation of Antioxidant Status and Free Radical Markers in Exposed Workers

This study evaluated antioxidant status and free radical markers in workers occupationally exposed to industrial chemicals compared with unexposed controls. Blood samples were analysed for antioxidant capacity and markers of oxidative stress. The findings revealed reduced antioxidant defences and elevated oxidative markers in exposed workers, with duration of exposure associated with greater change. The study observed variability across chemical exposure categories. It recommends occupational health surveillance and antioxidant-support interventions.

2025 — Undergraduate

Production and Characterisation of Enzyme Preparations from Agricultural Waste

This study produced and characterised enzyme preparations from selected agricultural waste materials. Fermentation and extraction procedures were optimised, and the resulting preparations were assessed for activity, stability, and protein content. The findings revealed promising enzyme yields from the tested substrates, with activities dependent on fermentation time and substrate type. The study observed good stability under ambient storage for short periods. It recommends process optimisation and purification studies for industrial scale-up.

2025 — Undergraduate

Evaluation of Thyroid Function Markers in Hypothyroid Patients

This study evaluated thyroid function markers in patients with hypothyroidism compared with controls. Serum samples were analysed for thyroid-stimulating hormone and thyroid hormone levels using immunoassay methods. The findings revealed characteristic hormonal imbalances in patients, with elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone and reduced thyroid hormone levels, while variation occurred with treatment status. The study observed better marker profiles among treated patients. It recommends routine thyroid function monitoring and access to diagnostic immunoassays.

2025 — Undergraduate

Assessment of Lipid Profile and Cardiovascular Risk in Hypertensive Patients

This study assessed the lipid profile and cardiovascular risk of hypertensive patients attending a health facility. Blood samples were analysed for total cholesterol, triglycerides, and HDL and LDL cholesterol, with risk ratios computed. The findings revealed elevated atherogenic lipids in a substantial proportion of hypertensive patients, with unfavourable ratios suggesting increased cardiovascular risk. The study observed higher risk in older and untreated patients. It recommends lipid screening, lifestyle modification, and dietary counselling for hypertensive populations.

2025 — Undergraduate

Determination of Oxidative DNA Damage Markers in Diabetic Patients

This study determined markers of oxidative DNA damage in patients with diabetes compared with controls. Blood samples were analysed for oxidative stress biomarkers and molecular markers of DNA modification using colorimetric methods. The findings revealed significantly elevated oxidative stress and DNA damage markers in diabetic patients, with levels correlating with glycaemic status. The study observed lower antioxidant capacity in affected individuals. It recommends antioxidant assessment and supplementation considerations in diabetes management.

2025 — Undergraduate

Evaluation of Dietary Iron Intake and Iron Status in Adolescent Girls

This study evaluated dietary iron intake and iron status among adolescent girls. Dietary recall data were analysed for iron content and blood samples were assessed for haemoglobin and iron indices. The findings revealed that a substantial proportion of participants had inadequate iron intake and iron deficiency or low haemoglobin, with intake positively associated with status. The study observed low consumption of iron-rich foods and enhancers. It recommends dietary improvement, iron supplementation, and anaemia screening among adolescent girls.

2025 — Undergraduate

Evaluation of Liver Function Markers in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus

This study evaluated liver function markers in patients with diabetes mellitus compared with healthy controls. Fasting blood samples were analysed for transaminases, alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin, and albumin using automated methods. The findings revealed significantly higher hepatic enzyme levels in diabetic patients, suggesting hepatic involvement, while albumin and bilirubin profiles also differed. The study observed associations between marker elevation and glycaemic control. It recommends routine liver function screening in diabetic care.

2025 — Undergraduate

Evaluation of Molecular and Protein Markers in Sickle Cell Disease

This study evaluated molecular and protein markers in individuals with sickle cell disease. Blood samples were subjected to haemoglobin characterisation and analysis of relevant protein markers. The findings revealed distinct haemoglobin patterns consistent with the disease state, with altered protein marker profiles compared with controls. The study observed variation in severity-linked markers. It recommends comprehensive laboratory profiling to support disease monitoring and management.

2025 — Undergraduate

Assessment of Malnutrition and Micronutrient Status Among School Children

This study assessed the nutritional and micronutrient status of school children in a selected locality. Anthropometric measurements were taken and blood and dietary data were evaluated for key micronutrients. The findings revealed notable levels of underweight and micronutrient deficiency, particularly for iron and vitamin A, with dietary diversity low among affected children. The study observed variability by sex and family economic status. It recommends school feeding, supplementation, and nutrition education programmes.

2025 — Undergraduate

Evaluation of Metabolic Changes in Individuals on High-Energy Diets

This study evaluated metabolic changes in individuals habitually consuming high-energy diets. Blood samples were analysed for glucose, lipids, and insulin-related indices, and dietary intake was estimated. The findings revealed that high-energy consumers exhibited higher fasting glucose and atherogenic lipid fractions, with body mass positively associated with these changes. The study observed early metabolic dysregulation before clinical disease. It recommends dietary surveillance and metabolic screening for population groups at risk.

2025 — Undergraduate

Assessment of Blood Glucose Regulation and Energy Metabolism Responses to Fasting

This study assessed blood glucose regulation and energy metabolism responses in individuals during planned fasting. Capillary glucose and metabolic indices were measured at intervals, and dietary and activity data were recorded. The findings revealed a characteristic fall and stabilisation of glucose during fasting, with maintenance of regulation in healthy participants, while responses varied with body mass and baseline status. The study observed no symptomatic hypoglycaemia among participants. It recommends individualised metabolic monitoring in prolonged fasting situations.

2025 — Undergraduate

Effect of pH and Temperature on the Activity of Amylase from Plant Sources

This study examined the effect of pH and temperature on the activity of amylase extracted from selected plant sources. Crude enzyme preparations were assayed across a range of pH values and temperatures using starch digestion and reducing-sugar measurement. The findings revealed that amylase exhibited characteristic pH and temperature optima, with activity sharply reduced at extremes, while stability declined at high temperatures. The study observed differences among plant sources. It recommends optimisation of extraction and assay conditions for industrial enzyme applications.

2025 — Undergraduate

Determination of Enzyme Activity and Kinetic Parameters in Biological Samples

This study determined the activity and kinetic parameters of selected enzymes in biological samples. Enzyme assays were performed under controlled substrate and time conditions, and kinetic constants were estimated from velocity data. The findings revealed measurable enzyme activity with characteristic kinetic behaviour, while kinetic parameters varied with assay conditions and sample type. The study observed temperature and pH dependence consistent with known enzyme properties. It recommends standardised assay protocols for reproducible enzyme determination in diagnostic and research settings.

2025 — Undergraduate

Comparative Analysis of Nutrient Composition of Traditional and Commercial Foods

This study compared the nutrient composition of traditional and commercially produced foods. Representative samples were analysed for proximate components, vitamins, and minerals using standard methods. The findings revealed that traditional preparations generally retained higher micronutrient content, while commercial products showed better microbiological stability but variable nutritional profiles and higher sodium levels. The study observed differences attributable to formulation and processing. It recommends nutritional education and fortification policies to improve the quality of commercially available foods.

2025 — Undergraduate

Determination of Major Biomolecules in Selected Nigerian Foodstuffs

This study determined the levels of major biomolecules in selected Nigerian foodstuffs. Samples were processed and analysed for moisture, protein, carbohydrate, lipid, and fibre content using standard biochemical methods. The findings revealed significant variation in proximate composition across the food classes, with cereals characterised by high carbohydrate, legumes by high protein, and oilseeds by high lipid content. The study observed that processing methods influenced nutrient retention. It recommends reference data expansion and dietary guidance based on compositional values.

2025 — Undergraduate